introduction
symptoms
diagnosis
it can detect the aortic aneurysm above 3 cm in diameter, show the aneurysm size, and identify the plaque and thrombus.
plain scan and enhanced scan can accurately reveal the shape of the aneurysm and its adjacent relationship with the surrounding organs, so that doctors can determine whether there is an anatomical abnormality and find out whether there are other concomitant intra-abdominal diseases. three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3dcta) can demonstrate the three-dimensional morphological characteristics and size of the aneurysm, as well as the affected abdominal aorta branches more accurately. it can also accurately measure the parameters of each part of the aneurysm.
mra can show the location, size, and shape of the lesion clearly without any contrast agent, and can provide a vivid image. it has high diagnostic value for the subacute or chronic hematoma caused by aneurysm rupture.
it is of great value for the diagnosis of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, multiple aneurysms and aortic dissection. it cannot provide the real image of the aneurysm cavity, when there is a large amount of mural thrombus in the aneurysm cavity.
treatment
open-chest surgery
introduction to surgery
the surgery is designed to replace the diseased thoracic aortic segment with artificial blood vessel. the surgery method and postoperative curative effect vary with the anatomical part of the thoracic aorta. during the procedure, some technical support may be needed as well, such as cardiopulmonary bypass, deep hypothermia circulatory arrest or selective cerebral perfusion. the surgical mortality rate is about 5% to 10%. surgery complications may include bleeding, severe arrhythmia, insufficient coronary blood supply and complications of central nervous system. the 1-year survival rate after surgery is 80% to 90%, and the 5-year survival rate is 60% to 80%.
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thoracic endovascular aortic repair(tevar)
introduction to surgery
tevar refers to an approach that involves placing a stent-graft in the thoracic aortic lumen to isolate the thoracic aortic aneurysm cavity, without thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. this approach has the advantages of little trauma, fast recovery, few complications and contraindications. the development of endovascular devices, including the single-branched stent graft (castor), makes the endovascular repair also available for some thoracic aortic aneurysms involving the branch artery on the aortic arch.
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